Cyclooxygenase (COX) Inhibitors and the Newborn Kidney

Cyclooxygenase (COX) Inhibitors and the Newborn Kidney

This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors (COXI) in influencing the structural development as well as the function of the developing kidney. COXI administered either during pregnancy or after birth can influence kidney development including nephronogenesis, and can decrease renal perfusion and ultrafiltration potentially leading to acute kidney i...

Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) selective inhibitors. Any better than NSAIDs?

Regional Differences in the Neuronal Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the Newborn Pig Brain

Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is the major constitutively expressed COX isoform in the newborn brain. COX-2 derived prostanoids and reactive oxygen species appear to play a major role in the mechanism of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury in the newborn piglet, an accepted animal model of the human term neonate. The study aimed to quantitatively determine COX-2 immunopositive neurons in different brain...

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the kidney: current status and potential perspectives.

Prostaglandins are important mediators of renal physiology and disease. The main enzyme which governs the synthesis of prostaglandins is cyclooxygenase (COX), also called prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (PGS). Until recently it was assumed that only one cyclooxygenase gene and protein exists, an enzyme which is now called cyclooxygenase-l (COX-I) or the 'constitutive' isoform. Between 1989a...

Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors: indications and complications.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most widely used medications-both prescription and over the counter-in the United States. Gastrointestinal side effects from NSAIDs are responsible for significant patient morbidity and mortality as well as healthcare cost. With the development of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) specific inhibitors, these serious adverse reactions have been s...